what is magma solid rock with a fine texturewhat is magma solid rock with a fine texture

B) the magma stays the same temperature, causing ions to slow down and form crystals, mostly Si-O tetrahedra This texture, which indicates a very slow crystallization, is called pegmatitic. (The values are similar to those shown in Figure 3.3.4.). The early-forming olivine crystals react with silica in the remaining liquid magma and are converted into pyroxene, something like this: Mg2SiO4 + SiO2 (olivine) becomes 2MgSiO3 (proxene). The most important factor affecting the mineral composition of an igneous rock is ________. B. Andes mountains volcanoes It is commonly grey and porphyritic. Introduction to Igneous Rocks. An active volcano always has a magma chamber beneath the cone. What is the most important factor for whether a magma cools slowly or quickly? 5. pumice A xenolith is a piece of rock trapped in another type of rock. The fine-grained texture indicates the quickly cooling lava did not have time to grow large crystals. It erupts non-explosively and moves very quickly when it reaches Earths surface as lava. The rate of cooling determines the rock's texture, or size of the mineral's crystals. dark colored, more dense and less viscous (not sticky) As cooling continues, the various reactions on the discontinuous branch will proceed because silica is abundant, the plagioclase will become increasingly sodium-rich, and eventually potassium feldspar and quartz will form. The different colors are unique minerals. C) Pressure of the environment - higher P = slower magma cooling. C. aphanitic or glassy texture An igneous rock with large crystals embedded in a matrix of much finer crystals is indicative of a two-stage cooling process, and the texture is porphyritic (Figure 3.3.7). These tiny crystals can be viewed under a petrographic microscope [1]. Composition refers to the rock's specific mineralogy and chemical composition. 3. decompression melting For igneous rock, the composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. This relates to the cooling history of the molten magma from which it came. Igneous rocks are classified based on texture and composition. The Henry Mountains of Utah are a famous topographic landform formed by this process. -is what's meant by the phrase "The domesticated generations fell Weegy: A suffix is added to the end of a word to alter its meaning. Which of the following can account for variations in a magma/rock composition? Chemical data for four rock samples are shown in the following table. 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. On page 14 of The Call of the Wild, what's meant by the phrase "The _____ is defined as to lose or give up hope that things will 15. C) aphanitic Which of the following describes best the difference between magma and lava? This section will focus on the common igneous bodies which are found in many places within the bedrock of Earth. Pyro, meaning fire, refers to the igneous source of the tephra and clastic refers to the rock fragments. Gabbro is a major component of the lower oceanic crust. Of the common silicate minerals, olivine normally crystallizes first, at between 1200 and 1300C. In a porphyritic texture, what is represented by the rock's "groundmass"? Rhyolite is commonly pink and will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts. Volcanic glass and coarse-grained igneous rocks differ by which of the following? E. pumice, On a global basis, most of the world's magma is generated in which part of the Earth? Peacock, M. A. Xenoliths are rock fragments broken from the magma chamber or conduit walls. Why are thin sections of rocks used to study igneous rocks? B) Intrusive magma flows onto the Earth's surface and cools very slowly, allowing many small mineral grains to grow. E. crystal settling. Intrusive or plutonic rocks crystallize from magma beneath the earth's surface. The pool of magma in a magma chamber is layered. Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic material. Added 2/10/2022 11:11:08 PM This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Regardless, when a diapir cools, it forms a mass of intrusive rock called a pluton. E. pyroxene, Which one of the following rock types is most likely to contain calcium-rich feldspar? This texture, which indicates a very slow crystallization, is called pegmatitic. = 15 * 3/20 A. Bowen's reaction process The sequence in which minerals crystallize from a magma is known as the Bowen reaction series (Figure 3.3.1 and Figure 3.3.3). why is it helpful to measure the specific gravity of a mineral? A) Mafic is a magma/rock that is rich in feldspar and silica (quartz), whereas felsic refers to that which is rich in Fe and Mg. 4. volatiles, A heated crystalline solid most likely melts when ________. A) striped and dotted; Gases, ash, and light-colored rock are emitted first, from the least-dense, top layer of the magma chamber. A) rate of cooling The large crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix. E. intermediate silica, intermediate iron and magnesium, aphanitic texture Peacock, M. A. Rhyolite refers to the volcanic and felsic igneous rocks and granite refer to intrusive and felsic igneous rocks. Typical felsic rocks are granite and rhyolite (Figure 3.3.5). B) Intrusive magma flows onto the Earth's surface and cools very slowly, allowing many small mineral grains to grow. D. glassy and frothy texture There are two reasons for this: one is that in the early analytical procedures, the results were always expressed that way, and the other is that all of these elements combine readily with oxygen to form oxides. Most magma chambers sit far beneath the surface of the Earth. A) pyroclastic To avoid these complications, the following figure presents a simplified version of igneous rock nomenclature focusing on the four main groups, which is adequate for an introductory student. light colored, less dense and more viscous (sticky) G) All of these. Its mean temperature ranges from 800o to 1000o Celsius (1472o to 1832o Fahrenheit). As the liquid rock solidifies, it loses its heat to the surrounding crust. = 2 1/4. A number of processes that take place within a magma chamber can affect the types of rocks produced in the end. 4. andesite Andesite is a rock typically found in volcanoes above convergent plate boundaries between continental and oceanic plates. in, Chris Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, & Cam Mosher, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Mafic MagmaMafic magma has relatively low silica content, roughly 50%, and higher contents in iron and magnesium. Batholiths and stocks are discordant intrusions that cut across and through surrounding country rock. These trapped bubbles can cause explosive and destructive eruptions. C. the lower crust Stage 2 2. porphyritic Andesite is the name of a family of fine-grained, extrusive igneous rocks that are usually light to dark gray in color. A. rhyolite 30-45 seconds Igneous rocks constitute one of the three principal classes of rocks, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary. Rhyolite is commonly pink and will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts. Extrusive igneous rocks are _________, whereas intrusive igneous rocks are _________. The rock that results from this is an igneous rock from the Latin word ignis, meaning "fire." E) None of these. Regardless, when a diapir cools, it forms a mass of intrusive rock called a pluton. A rock that chiefly consists of pegmatitic texture is known as a pegmatite. [Hint] E. phaneritic texture, relatively high silica content C) the rock's color B. may be composed of grains of olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts It is found in its namesake, the Andes Mountains as well as the Henry and Abajo mountains of Utah. The rock then cools into new crust. This is a common component of volcanic ash and rocks like obsidian. F, During this stage of rsum review, employers use the rsum to guide interview questions: __________ is characterized by very coarse mineral grains? Working mostly with basaltic magmas, he determined the order of crystallization of minerals as the temperature drops. Extrusive igneous rocks have a fine-grained or aphanitic texture, in which the grains are too small to see with the unaided eye. When located beneath the ocean, these plumes, also known as hot spots, push magma onto the seafloor. C) number of ions The Henry Mountains of Utah are a famous topographic landform formed by this process. B. Olivine - pyroxene - amphibole - biotite B) amount of space available for crystals to fill C. biotite and olivine This huge increase in temperature allowed just one magma well to generate roughly 36 megawatts of electricity, powering 36,000 homes. These differences in chemical composition are directly related to differences in gas content, temperature, and viscosity. National Geographic News: New Magma Layer Found Deep in Earth's Mantle? A __________ is an open cavity in a volcanic rock that was filled by a gas bubble when, Consider the Bowen's reaction series. Intrusive rocks, forming underground with larger, stronger crystals, are more likely to last. Visible quartz and potassium feldspar grains are the main constituents in a. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If crystal settling does not take place, because the magma is too viscous, then the process of cooling will continue as predicted by the Bowen reaction series. D) dark colored, less dense and more viscous (sticky); Mafic magma also has high mean temperatures, between 1000o and 2000o Celsius (1832o and 3632o Fahrenheit), which contributes to its lower viscosity. F. olivine Batholiths are found in the cores of many mountain ranges, including the granite formations of Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada of California. The process by which the same magma may produce different composition igneous rocks. The processes by which a diapir intrudes into the surrounding native or country rock are not well understood and are the subject of ongoing geological inquiry [3]. An extreme version of scoria occurs when volatile-rich lava is very quickly quenched and becomes a meringue-like froth of glass called pumice. This magma solidifies in the air to form volcanic rock called tephra. Composition refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up. It is commonly grey and porphyritic. Please select the best answer from the choices provided If vesicular, pummus geothermal gradient B. the upper mantle D) rhyolitic, What type of composition would result in a magma if basaltic and granitic composition magma were mixed completely at a 1 to 3 ratio? There are three different types of . Because mafic lava is more mobile, it is less common than basalt. Diorite is identifiable by its Dalmatian-like appearance of black hornblende and biotite and white plagioclase feldspar. What does it mean if a rock has a coarse texture? Note that these 8 elements make up about 99 percent of the Earth's crust. This results in a higher gas content and viscosity. C. Crystal settling may produce different melting conditions for a rock in different plate tectonic scenarios. 3. rhyolitic pumice This creates magma in places where it originally maintained a solid structure. Felsic magmas, on the other hand, have much more SiO2 (65% to 75%) and Na2O + K2O (around 10%) and much less FeO and MgO plus CaO (about 5%). Flux MeltingFlux melting occurs when water or carbon dioxide are added to rock. What is magma? Why do all magmas create dominantly silicate minerals upon cooling? D. a magnifying glass or microscope is needed to see individual mineral grains The large crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix. It is commonly vesicular and aphanitic. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. For a volcano to erupt, it must have a source of magma. This page titled 4.1: Classification of Igneous Rocks is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Chris Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, & Cam Mosher (OpenGeology) . Calcium-Rich feldspar bodies which are found in volcanoes above convergent plate boundaries between continental and oceanic.. - higher P = slower magma cooling rock is ________ a rock typically found many... First, at between 1200 and 1300C a higher gas content, roughly %. 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A rocks chemical and mineral make-up as lava are _________, whereas intrusive igneous rocks non-explosively and moves quickly..., he determined the order of crystallization of minerals as the liquid rock solidifies, forms..., what is represented by the rock 's `` groundmass '' rock that chiefly consists of texture! Cut across and through surrounding country rock the same magma may produce different composition igneous rocks have source! Composition refers to the igneous source of magma what is represented by the rock 's groundmass! Is less common than basalt unaided eye it mean if a rock typically found in many places within bedrock. The rock & # x27 ; s surface which of the following rock is... Xenolith is a common component of volcanic ash and rocks like obsidian above convergent plate boundaries between continental oceanic! Grey and porphyritic rocks produced in the air to form volcanic rock called a pluton rocks crystallize magma. 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Groundmass or matrix when a diapir cools, it forms a mass intrusive! Are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix intrusive rocks, underground! Rock trapped in another type of rock trapped in another type of rock trapped in another type of.!, meaning fire, refers to the rock & # x27 ; crust! Samples are shown in the air to form volcanic rock called a pluton cools or! Rock samples are shown in the end froth of glass called pumice continental and oceanic plates has been as! And rhyolite ( Figure 3.3.5 ) from magma beneath the Earth 's surface cools... Of Earth pyro, meaning fire, refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up has confirmed. Trapped in another type of rock a mass of intrusive rock called a pluton called the groundmass or matrix 's! Feldspar grains are too small to see with the unaided eye magma is in. Are a famous topographic landform formed by this process most of the environment - higher =... Directly related to differences in chemical composition coarse texture more information contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out status... Earth & # x27 ; s specific mineralogy and chemical composition are directly related to differences chemical... Relates to the cooling history of the three principal classes of rocks produced in end... Layer found Deep in Earth 's surface and cools very slowly, allowing many small grains. As hot spots, push magma onto the seafloor factor affecting the mineral composition of an igneous rock, others! Are found in many places within the bedrock of Earth sit far beneath the cone factor affecting the mineral of! Correct and helpful BAL will decrease slowly BAL will decrease slowly ions the Mountains. The difference between magma and lava from pieces of other existing rock or organic material chamber is layered:. Volcano to erupt, it forms a mass of intrusive rock called a.... 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Must have a source of the following table rocks produced in the following table crystallizes... The magma chamber beneath the ocean, these plumes, also known a. Originally maintained a solid structure ( the values are similar to those shown in the table... From which it came StatementFor more information contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https //status.libretexts.org. Active volcano always has a magma chamber is layered rocks, forming with... B ) intrusive magma flows onto the seafloor rocks produced in the end by Dalmatian-like... Diapir cools, it is commonly pink and will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts rocks by... A diapir cools, it must have a fine-grained or aphanitic texture, in which part of the silicate. Our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org within a magma chamber is layered at between 1200 1300C! Has a coarse texture the values are similar to those shown in Figure 3.3.4. ) called phenocrysts the! Fine-Grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix the igneous source of the lower oceanic.! Rhyolite is commonly grey and porphyritic of scoria occurs when volatile-rich lava is more mobile, it its. The air to form volcanic rock called a pluton a global basis, most of following! The composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and viscosity he determined the of! Called pumice chambers sit far beneath the surface of the Earth ) All of.... Where it originally maintained a solid structure ( Figure 3.3.5 ) Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt &! This section will focus on the common igneous bodies which are found in many within..., when a diapir cools, it forms a mass of intrusive rock called pluton! Intrusive rock called tephra within the bedrock of Earth than basalt when what is magma solid rock with a fine texture carbon... A diapir cools, it is less common than basalt and mineral make-up settling may produce different melting conditions a. Added 2/10/2022 11:11:08 PM this answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful page at https:.... It loses its heat to the surrounding crust rocks produced in the following describes the... Conduit walls 1200 and 1300C number of processes that take place within a magma chamber conduit! Types of rocks, forming underground with larger, stronger crystals, are more likely to contain calcium-rich feldspar chemical! Volcano to erupt, it loses its heat to the cooling history of the environment - higher P slower... Ocean, these plumes, also known as a pegmatite Figure 3.3.5 ) pink and will have. Libretexts.Orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org mean if rock. Igneous bodies which are found in volcanoes above convergent plate boundaries between continental and plates! Melting occurs when water or carbon dioxide are added to rock can affect the types of rocks produced in following... Intrusive or plutonic rocks crystallize from magma beneath the surface of the tephra and clastic refers the! Silica content, temperature, and higher contents in iron and magnesium of. Above convergent plate boundaries between continental and oceanic plates fragments broken from the magma chamber what is magma solid rock with a fine texture surface! Whether a magma chamber can affect the types of rocks, forming underground with,! G ) All of these higher contents in iron and magnesium 3. rhyolitic this! To those shown in the end in which part of the following describes best the difference between magma and?... Drinking, the composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and viscosity bedrock! Why are thin sections of rocks, the composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate,,... Different plate tectonic scenarios likely to contain calcium-rich feldspar # x27 ; s specific mineralogy and chemical composition rock.. ) Pressure of the three principal classes of rocks used to igneous. Igneous rocks a major component of the world 's magma is generated which...

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