She argues that the idea is a myth resulting from a claim made by linguist and ethnographer J.N.B. Their word, in turn, derived from an Algonquian one whose parts translate as "urinate" and "fox" or "fox-like animal." (Algonquian is a family of Native American languages spoken by peoples from Labrador to Carolina and westward into the Great Plains.) Meet the Code Talkers of World Wars I and II. Some believe that the root word, o'kn:ra meaning earth or soil, . [210], During healing ceremonies, a carved "False Face Mask" is worn to represent spirits in a tobacco-burning and prayer ritual. After the death of Ata-en-sic, the island is shrouded in gloom. [195] Bones and antlers were used to make hunting and fishing equipment. Some names are reserved for chiefs or faith keepers, and when a person assumes that office he takes the name in a ceremony in which he is considered to "resuscitate" the previous holder. The men pull a length of duffel clothif they have itunder this belt, front and rear, and pass it between the legs. [224] Other scholars present the "twins" as the Creator and his brother, Flint. Finally in 1920, an Act was proposed to force citizenship on "Indians" with or without their consent, which would then automatically remove their share of any tribal lands from tribal trust and make the land and the person subject to the laws of Canada.[140]. [94], In the early 18th century, the Tuscarora gradually migrated northwards towards Pennsylvania and New York after a bloody conflict with white settlers in North and South Carolina. old histories state that the Iroquois defeated the Susquehannock but this is undocumented and doubtful. [269][270] Jaques Bruyas wrote a dictionary of the Mohawk language where the word Gatsennen is defined as "Animal domestique, serviteur, esclave" the English translation being "domestic animal, butler, slave". At the onset of the Revolution, the Iroquois Confederacy's Six Nations attempted to take a stance of neutrality. ", "The Iroquois Influence on Women's Rights", "Treaty Federalism as Conflict Management: Indigenous- Settler Power Sharing in Canada", "Iroquois Constitution: A Forerunner to Colonists' Democratic Principles", "Iroquois political theory and the roots of American democracy", "The Tree of Peace The Great Law of Peace: New World Roots of American Democracy by David Yarrow September 1987", "Did the Founding Fathers Really Get Many of Their Ideas of Liberty from the Iroquois? [102], In February 1756, the French learned from a spy, Oratory, an Oneida chief, that the British were stockpiling supplies at the Oneida Carrying Place, a crucial portage between Albany and Oswego to support an offensive in the spring into what is now Ontario. According to legend, an evil Onondaga chieftain named Tadodaho was the last converted to the ways of peace by The Great Peacemaker and Hiawatha.