Web Site Copyright 1995-2023 WGBH Educational Foundation. ANNOUNCER: And the Pittsburgh Steelers become the first franchise in history to win six Super Bowls! ANNOUNCER: You love 'em wild and woolly and you're seeing it now! Dr. BENNET OMALU: So I was very demoralized, I remember that day I was. NARRATOR: Nowinski's press conference was no match for the show the NFL was putting on across town. He soon replaced the rheumatologist Dr. Elliot Pellman and promoted the neurologist Dr. Ira Casson. And if we have to defend this suit, as Paul was alluding to, we will do that and be able to make those factual allegations. CHRIS NOWINSKI: What motivated me every day was the fact that my head was killing me. And it became part of the popular jargon, you know, "He knocked him silly. He was known as "Iron Mike". ANNOUNCER: a sight that is the last thing in the world the 49ers would want to see. All of my power is coming from my big rear end and my big thighs into my forearm, and I hit him in the face. NARRATOR: It was a controversial theory that raised fundamental questions about the way the game was played. Mark Fainaru-Wada, WRITTEN BY LEIGH STEINBERG: This is the commissioner of the NFL saying that there's no concussion issue. It's Dennis Brown coming in. I think McKee uses the word "crisis." JANE LEAVY, Journalist: The brains are precious cargo. ANNOUNCER: A major FRONTLINE investigation of what the NFL knew and when it knew it. They granted Webster monthly disability payments. NARRATOR: What she saw was that telltale protein, tau. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: He began to assemble a case with Webster to basically say that Webster had suffered brain damage as a result of his 17-year career in the NFL. NARRATOR: The league had its own doctor review Webster's case. Dr. ANN McKEE: Because the way football is being played currently that I've seen, it's dangerous. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Physician, Steelers, 1988-97: Well, Mike Webster exemplified what it was like to be a player in the Steel City and a player in that era that for me was the greatest team of all time. GINA SEAU, Ex-Wife: We didn't know why he was detached or forgetting, or why he would bark at us for nothing or we didn't know. STEVE YOUNG, San Francisco 49ers, 1984-99: You know, I really worry about my lineman brothers. NEWSCASTER: and violent, off-the-field incidents. ELEANOR PERFETTO: And I said, "I'd like to attend this meeting." We don't know if concussion in and of itself is what causes the abnormalities. NARRATOR: But that day, there were few reporters listening. NARRATOR: At Dr. McKee's research lab, thanks to the NFL's endorsement, the brain bank business was booming. YOUTH FOOTBALL TEAM: What time is it? NARRATOR: But fundamental questions remain about how the game will be played, and who will play it. NARRATOR: But away from the cameras, the two sides were engaged in tense court-ordered negotiations. For this reason, format your reference to mention the segment and the database, Films on Demand. NEWSCASTER: The issue is head injuries among players, and if those injuries can lead. NARRATOR: Aikman's concussion was bad enough that he could not return to the game. And now Omalu had another case. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: They were fighting it from the beginning, against just the common sense of, you know, here's this guy, look at him, you know? When you are citing two different sources that share the same author and year of publication, assign lowercase letters after the year of publication (a, b, c, etc.). And there was clearly among the NFL committee, there was just a very steadfast belief that this is not a problem. He'll be flanked by Anastasia Danias she's from the National Football League and also Beth Wilkinson from Paul Weiss. ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: A CBS reporter wanted to know what I thought of the gift of a million dollars. CHRIS NOWINSKI: And then, seemingly out of nowhere, he decided to take his own life. MARK FAINARU-WADA: McKee is saying, "Look, this is very much an issue at the core of the game, of offensive lineman and defensive linemen pounding the crud out of each other on every single play, on every single down and every single practice, and there's no getting around that.". You didn't need the trial to know that there was something wrong there. KEVIN GUSKIEWICZ, Ph.D., NFL Head, Neck and Spine Cmte. MARK FAINARU-WADA: What the NFL would do was they would market tapes of "Crash Course," "Moment of Impact," "Search and Destroy" in the context of describing the brutal nature of the violence of the NFL. An accompanying bookwritten by ESPN investigative reporters (and brothers) Mark Fainaru-Wada and . Game time! wykagyl country club menu; which planet has only one ear riddle answer; feargal sharkey daughter; how many deer were harvested in 2022; the gifted fanfiction lauren and john LEIGH STEINBERG: I watched athletes I represented play with collapsed lungs. Writer, Director, Producer, or Host in a parenthesis. That just shouldn't happen. NARRATOR: In a letter to the journal Neurosurgery, Dr. Pellman and other members of the NFL's MTBI committee attacked Dr. Omalu's paper. Th edition 1 1 site that hosts the page, followed By a pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over America's indisputable national pastime. NARRATOR: At 43, his business empire had imploded. But 27 years and four children later, Mike and Pam Webster's marriage ended. Dr. IRA CASSON: In my opinion, the only scientifically valid evidence of a chronic encephalopathy in athletes is in boxers and in some steeplechase jockeys. Stand by all cameras. NARRATOR: Some researchers say Dr. McKee has examined only a limited sample of players and too few brains to justify her conclusions. Answered over 90d ago. NARRATOR: For Dr. McKee and others, it raised the obvious question. I'm just tired and confused right now, that's why I say I can't really I can't say it the way I want to say it. NARRATOR: One at a time, committee members went after Goodell. PRODUCED BY I'm, like, "How do I?" APA reference style is a style of citing sources used by the American Psychological Association.It is primarily used in the social sciences and includes guidelines for citing sources both within the text of a document and in the . Dr. ANN McKEE: This is something you would never. Annoyed. NARRATOR: A doctor, Omalu was also a trained neuropathologist. FOOTBALL ANNOUNCERS: Erenberg touchdown! It wasn't a supposition. "Did I play well?" Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Now one of Casson's first moves, a public denial of Omalu's conclusions. He looked he looked worn out. That's really what is happening here, right? And it wasn't hypothetical. So I get it. Simply copy it to the References page as is. NARRATOR: Eleanor Perfetto was one of them. ANNOUNCER: Let's give him a big round of applause! And the next thing you know, they are reliving this conversation they'd had five minutes earlier. Oh, yeah! JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers, 1988-97: Certainly, we knew that if you got hit on the head so many times, maybe you had a 20 percent chance of having dementia pugilistica if you were a former professional boxer. So they're basically paying around $120 million per game. NARRATOR: It was the first hard evidence that playing football could cause permanent brain damage. CHRIS HARVARD: You people should be grateful to have someone of my intelligence in your presence! Franco Harris is down to 30, big pileup. Having said that, I still think it's something that we need to be concerned about. Apuzzo was also a consultant for the New York Giants. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers, 1988-97: For the most part, people didn't want to believe it's true. I watched players deceive coaches on the sidelines when they were injured and run back into a game. ", NARRATOR: The papers downplayed the risk of concussions, DOCUMENT: "Mild TBIs in professional football are not serious injuries. Number 55 was a hard-hitting linebacker. Those things seem to happen around 1,000 to 1,500 times a year. NARRATOR: McKee and colleagues from Boston University were determined to examine as many brains as they could, and this man knew how to get them. NARRATOR: But they continued to report the story, beginning with Mike Webster's career in the NFL. You have to sacrifice years down the line. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: They call him, like, the designated brain chaser, like that's his job, to go out and get the brains. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee has now examined the brains of 46 former NFL players. This was not something that I made up. Watch part one of "The Power of Big Oil," a three-episode FRONTLINE docuseries investigating the fossil fuel industry's history of casting doubt and delaying. How many NFL players are suffering concussions every season? "You guys don't know how to do research the way we do. ANNOUNCER: And the future opponents are going to have some trouble! View film. He's 21. NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu believed he saw physical evidence of the long-term damage playing football could have on the brain. NARRATOR: Mark Lovell was a member of the committee and an author on some of the studies. Dr. BENNET OMALU: I wish I never met Mike Webster. It was pretty obvious, actually, the first interview that he had some type of cognitive impairment. JUNIOR SEAU: [NFL Films] A perfect hit is when you're faced up, coming one on one, and you hear him go, "Uh" just a little "Uh.". And the headache didn't go away for five years. NARRATOR: Tom and Lisa McHale had three sons. NARRATOR: The meeting had changed nothing. But the NFL is under assault: thousands of former players have claimed the league tried to cover up how football inflicted long-term brain injuries on many players. NARRATOR: Then just one month later, in Chicago, a dramatic gesture from Commissioner Goodell. ", Dr. HENRY FEUER: I you know,I don't know why she feels that way. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: You have an 18-year-old with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. NARRATOR: Then there was the matter of Webster's forehead. We strong we strongly deny those allegations that we withheld any information or misled the players. BOB SCHIEFFER, CBS News Face the Nation: [February 3, 2013] I'm going to ask you this question because some widows of some NFL players have asked me to ask you. And that just didn't make sense to anyone that's a scientist. I don't know." HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr. STEVE FAINARU: Just as they're finishing up the autopsy, the chaplain comes walking into the room and he says, literally, "Houston, we have a problem." Now he'd get you up in the air. He became a drug addict. But one night, in a private meeting, he brought his CTE slides and finally met face to face with one of the NFL's doctors. You know, like, she had the experience and they didn't. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: It sure looks like it was just a relentless and endless delaying action. But the other piece of it is that the NFL wants to come off as being very forward-looking. Knock him out! Snickers commercial PBS Frontline special League of Denial . NARRATOR: Presiding over it all, the most powerful man in sports. Create an Annotated Bibliography from the 10 references used in your Reference List assignment. Then Perfetto took matters into her own hands. He's so young. He said, "If 10 percent of mothers in this country would begin to perceive football as a dangerous sport, that is the end of football.". PLAYER: Set the tone! NEWSCASTER: There's a changing of the guard at the National Football League. PBS will premiere a Frontline documentary%2C League of Denial%2C on Tuesday night. PAUL TAGLIABUE, NFL Commissioner: [Sports panel discussion, December 1994] Concussions I think is, you know, one of these pack journalism issues, frankly. NARRATOR: Over the years, he became increasingly confused. But the NFL is under assault as thousands of former players claim the league has covered up footballs connection to long-term brain injuries. So we continued talking again. We'd like you to make available these various people." He said, "OK, I'll tell you." I was scared. PAM WEBSTER, Wife: Mike wasn't Mike. How are teams handling their injuries? STEVE FAINARU: He gets the first flight out the next morning. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: With what we know about the youth brain compared with the adult brain, that it's more easily disrupted than the adult brain the youth brain is lighter in weight, so it has less inertia to put it in motion, so you tap a youth head, and his brain moves much quicker than an adult brain that's heavier and therefore has more inertia. So that's the that's just when I look back over 30 years of associated with football, that's the thing that's most alarming to me. She showed up uninvited to a league meeting about caring for retired players. STEVE FAINARU: You have the commissioner of the NFL who's being hauled before Congress to answer why his own research arm has been denying since 1994 that football causes brain damage, when everybody from The New York Times to former NFL players, to the respected research scientists are saying, in fact, the opposite is true. This would be a perfect candidate for us to study and see if he had it. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He like Webster, his life had sort of fallen apart in a lot of ways. And I intuitively knew that this was not just a football issue, that it was happening to football players in the pros, it was happening in college, it was happening in high school. NARRATOR: In the early 1990s, Steinberg represented one of football's top stars, Dallas quarterback Troy Aikman. Knock him out! MARK FAINARU-WADA: They get a letter from the league. I watched them completely fight with doctors at every time to get into the game. NARRATOR: At the same time, far from the action, another researcher had received word of Seau's death. I look at brains. The stakes for the NFL are obvious. That's the nature of the game. He looked drained. Dr. BENNET OMALU: We did everything, spoke to the son. ANNOUNCER: Look at this. but do not use citation generators.A textbook: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. . Depends on who you listen to. NARRATOR: In 2008, Dr. Ann McKee was a leading Alzheimer's researcher. Film says . NEWSCASTER: From now on, teams should consider a concussion a game-ending injury. Secrets, lies and lasting consequences. How do you eliminate them with and have the game still be football? MARK FAINARU-WADA: The NFL convenes a summit in the summer of 2007. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: A lawyer is not there to offer medical advice. NARRATOR: At home, there were bouts of rage. We don't know the cause and effect. You may use your text or the OWL. Find databases subscribed to by UW-Madison Libraries, searchable by title and description. He became you know, had irate moments of, you know, violent temper. NEWSCASTER: Congress considers concussions in the NFL, NEWSCASTER: Congress is getting into the game. NARRATOR: He talked about the price he was willing to pay. He committed suicide.". PRODUCED BY . APA radio and television citation is almost similar with how you cite a book. It was it was like, you know, a picture of him that was just shattered into a million pieces. STEVE FAINARU: Webster's forehead was essentially fixed to its scalp. No, there's no relationship. ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: We take it out, we weigh it, we photograph it, all the external surfaces. NARRATOR: Nowinski began to have violent nightmares and migraine headaches. [laughs] So we continued talking, talking. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was called by Ira Casson. And he said, "No, you can't attend. NARRATOR: And buried in the documents, a stunning admission by the league's board football can cause brain disease. They're on fire! HENRY FEUER, M.D., MTBI Committee, 1994-2010: I just have a problem. APA citation style refers to the rules and conventions established by the American Psychological Association for documenting sources used in a research paper. The NFL knew it, but the players certainly didn't know it. And there he is. ART ROONEY II, Pittsburgh Steelers President and Co-Owner: He had the violence in him. He had a heart his heart, you know, was getting enlarged. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: In football, one has to expect that almost every play of every game and every practice, they're going to be hitting their heads against each other. That's, like, the budget of a Harry Potter movie every week, week in, week out. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And one of the first things McKee notices is that there's only one other woman in the room, and it's not a doctor, it's a lawyer. 25 Feb/23. Dr. ANN McKEE: This is a 45-year-old with terrific disease. And he said, "What's going on?" They said, "Oh, he just died. To lead it, he chose Elliot Pellman, the New York Jets team doctor, a firm believer that concussions were not a serious problem. And prevalence how many players had it. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And so ultimately, he committed suicide by drinking antifreeze. NARRATOR: Outside the conference's closed doors, the new commissioner insisted that the NFL had the problem under control. I'm just going to show them what I have. You may use your text or the GCU Library website to help you, but do not use citation generators.A textbook: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. You know, he had veins all over his legs, varicose veins and stuff like that. It was a new understanding that, "Hey, you know, this might be bigger than we think.". "Frontline" League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis (TV Episode 2013) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. September 30, STEVE FAINARU: Omalu is a junior pathologist in the Allegheny County coroner's office, but the people he published with were one of the leading Alzheimer's disease experts in the country, one of the leading neuropathologists in the country, and one of the most well-known coroners in the country. September 30, Dr. BENNET OMALU: I said, "Let me fix this brain. Early in his career, he worked as former commissioner Pete Rozelle's driver. And it just floored me. ANNOUNCER: He gets it away quickly and finds the tight end over the middle, and it's Heath Miller! NARRATOR: It was the commissioner himself who kept Perfetto out. I mean, you know, it was, like, "Oh, the girl talked. I think that we need to learn more about these former athletes, learn more about them during their living years so that we can better understand what their neuro-cognitive function is like, what their emotional status is like. PAM WEBSTER: He took a knife and slashed all his football pictures. 911 OPERATOR: Where did he shoot himself? ANNOUNCER: Tonight on FRONTLINE, the epic story of football's concussion crisis. A high school senior, a straight-A student, he'd played multiple sports. NARRATOR: Still, Tagliabue created a scientific committee, the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee, the MTBI. Morgan Stanley helps people, institutions and governments raise, manage and distribute the capital they need to achieve their goals. NARRATOR: Dr. Robert Cantu edited the journal's sports medicine section. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": And Ira Casson was asked repeatedly, "Is there any link between trauma, head trauma, and the kind of dementia we're seeing in these players?" NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu believed the National Football League would want to know about his discovery. NARRATOR: And it had paid off. Segments from videos are created and titled by Films on Demand, making the segmenting proprietary. They insinuated I was not practicing medicine, I was practicing voodoo. Dr. BENNET OMALU: And the NFL doctor at some point said to me, "Bennet, do you know the implications of what you're doing?" Chris Borland, a rookie linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers, said that while he's in good health now, he's concerned about his future. Pain and injury were his specialty. But he literally slid it across the table in an envelope. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, Boston University: If you're going to put together a blue ribbon committee to study brain trauma, it should have as its chair somebody who has that as a background, either a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neuropathologist, preferably a clinician. But no, you're not coming.". MARK FAINARU-WADA: We went to New York to meet with them and say, "Look, this is what we're doing. Listen to this crowd! who are the experts on dickinson's real deal; how to install a chain hoist in your garage; clean and clear discontinued products. Is there any evidence, as far as you're concerned, that links multiple head injuries among pro football players with depression? HARRY CARSON: And so I have to meet force with force. MEGAN NODERER: I can't tell, ma'am. GARRETT WEBSTER, Son: His feet and his legs were definitely you could just tell were destroyed. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: I think everyone now has a better sense of what damage you can get from playing football. Log in or create an account. It's still being debated. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. MARK FAINARU-WADA: They were saying, "Football caused this. STEVE FAINARU: One of his mantras was to "protect the shield," the NFL shield, to protect the integrity of the game. NARRATOR: By 2010, Dr. McKee had looked at the brains of 20 NFL players. And I think the NFL has given everybody 765 million reasons why you don't want to play football. I mean, I think Dad's the only person who could actually, you know, have a medical problem like that and decide to fix it with superglue. NEWSCASTER: Dr. Casson resigned from the NFL's concussion committee. They were in the middle of a major damage control operation. Dr. McKee had read Dr. Omalu's research, but she wanted to see for herself. ", STEVE FAINARU: The message was that football is safe to your brain. It really was a turning point. Said, "Oh, he's another NFL player. JANE LEAVY: Nowinski, who is not a scientist, says, "There are people getting hit here. NARRATOR: Harry Carson has been studying the matter since he retired 25 years ago. NARRATOR: For years, Pellman's committee would insist they were studying the problem, that the danger from concussions was overblown. CORRESPONDENT: Ira Casson leads a team of NFL doctors who did a study of several hundred active players and reported that the concern over head injuries is overblown. NARRATOR: As Bailes left the meeting, he ran into New York Times reporter Alan Schwarz. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, BU CTE Center: Not everyone who hits their head gets this disease. fort irwin deaths 2021 . NARRATOR: Dr. Feuer insists Dr. McKee is mistaken about how she was treated. "It means you're going to the Super Bowl.". He was taking on something that was bigger than him. Michael Kirk. Who is this guy who doesn't know Mike Webster in Pittsburgh?". They'll squash you. NARRATOR: And it was Omalu who actually removed Seau's brain. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: This is the genius of Nowinski, really, I mean, right? The problem is it's a journalist issue. MEGAN NODERER: Oh, my God! NEWSCASTER: At what price glory? PETER KEATING: They went after him with missiles I mean, like a nuclear missile strike on a guy's reputation. Dr. ANN McKEE: I had an 18-year-old at that time. Steve Fainaru WRITTEN BY. He's a rheumatologist. And and I think she's a brilliant woman. And you know, if you're going up against top-flight players who are able to perfect those skills of hitting you upside the head, or you know, getting hit with an elbow or it's one of those things that at some point, you're going to pay for it down the line. APA Activity 2: Citing Practice Create a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. What can be done? So I think we should be treating youths differently. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: There's going to be a meeting that the commissioner is holding with former players. NARRATOR: Because he'd never had a diagnosed concussion, Dr. McKee suspected Thomas might have gotten CTE from the everyday sub-concussive hits that are an inherent part of the game. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. Then a third time, he interrupted me, and I turned to him and I said, "OK, why don't you tell me what implications are?" I want you to fix the brain.". That's proven by the six-year study that we have and the research that's been done that looks at that issue intensively. NARRATOR: That May, McKee and Nowinski arrived at NFL headquarters. NARRATOR: Webster's favorite weapon was his head. That's a good sign. IRA CASSON, M.D., Co-Chair, MTBI Committee, 2007-09: No. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: So now Schwarz calls up the NFL to get a response. This is not good science. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: The closer you look, the less this holds up. Why would you fight that? They publicly said he should retract his findings. NARRATOR: As he had for Webster, Dr. Omalu sectioned part of Long's brain and again had it stained. There was dismissiveness on his part. Included with PBS Documentaries on Amazon for $3.99/month after trial. NARRATOR: Almost right away, Nowinski secured a portion of the brain of a 45-year-old former Tampa Bay Buccaneer, Tom McHale. But I'm not out there crying about it. I am fighting it. The minute you put your pads on, you're only one play away from getting seriously injured. NARRATOR: Such an advanced case of CTE had never been found in such a young person. DOCUMENT: "has determined that Mr. Webster is currently totally and permanently disabled.". pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation Mizzou Softball Tickets , Keyboard Shortcut To Extract Zip File Windows 10 , Ucsd Ece 153 , Is Dumpster Diving Illegal In Zanesville Ohio , My Costa Learning Login Page , Burlington Coat Factory Jeffrey Epstein , I said, "What are you talking about?" That brain is normal. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Where do we want to announce that? League of Denial: The NFL, Concussions, and the Battle for Truth is a 2013 work of investigative nonfiction by brothers Mark Fainaru-Wada and Steve Fainaru. You know, here we were in the midst of everything and this potentially giant story was being told, and virtually no one was there. Season 2013: Episode 2. And I knew that I felt awful. His brain became the most sought-after ever. But then a familiar story his life fell apart. I mean, we're going to present her findings. Yes, you're the guy with all the research, you're the guy who's published the papers, you're the guy who's got the brains. In a midtown Manhattan restaurant, an internal NFL research document was leaked to a reporter. Jim Gilmore. FRONTLINE Executive Producer Raney Aronson-Rath sits down with series filmmakers for probing conversations about the investigative journalism that drives each FRONTLINE documentary and the stories that shape our time. A new study is the first of its kind to show an association between early exposure to repetitive head impacts and structural brain changes later in life. And the pathologist who's on call that day is this guy, Bennet Omalu. For 70 years, they've loved their football team, the Steelers. Films on Demand. ANNOUNCER: [ABC "Monday Night Football," 1983] vivid picturization of the excitement. And they're going to be football players. 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