Kisha clubs and an advertising market that favors established players may be preventing digital media from gaining a stronger foothold in the market. Voters found to have improperly solicited support for a candidate via email could be fined 500,000 ($4,534) or imprisoned for two years.10, Article 175 of the penal code bans the sale or distribution of obscene material, and while the relevant provisions date back more than century, they are considered to apply online.11 While cyberattacks against journalists and activists are rare, private companies have been targeted in previous coverage periods. In June 2008, the law was amended to prohibit the transfer of SIM cards without permission and to require rental companies to verify the identity of customers.1, There are no explicit restrictions on encryption. In June 2019, the movements organizer, actress and freelance writer Ishikawa Yumi, submitted an online petition, which then bore almost 20,000 signatures, to the Health Ministry calling for an end to the requirement.4 Internet caf users are required to produce formal identification documents such as a drivers license, and to register their name and address. Connectivity for households in the heavily populated Kant region, which includes Tokyo, costs nearly 1,300 ($12.49) more per month than in the least expensive regions, Tohokuin the northeast.3 Do conditions impede users ability to mobilize, form communities, and campaign, particularly on political and social issues? Every country has, at one time or another, been guilty of grievous acts of censorship. The company said it complies with requests that are based on a warrant, an investigation-related inquiry, or an emergency order under the Japanese penal code and criminal procedure code.15 The man originally argued that he was defamed by false information.15, The Internet Hotline Center (IHC), operated through the SIA as part of a contract with the National Police Agency (NPA), cooperates with ISPs to solicit reports of illegal or harmful content from the public.16 The Tokyo-based Safer Internet Association (SIA) reported that it was asked to manage over 7,276 cases of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images in 2019 and secured the deletion of the content in 6,771 (93 percent) of those cases.2, Previously, inflammatory, nationalist speech targeting Japanese residents of Korean origin and other minority groups was also subject to removal. However, there is some criticism that the ongoing price war has prevented smaller companies from entering the market.4 Under voluntary guidelines drafted by four ISPs in 2005, service providers automatically inform police of internet users identified on websites that endorse suicide, and comply with law enforcement requests for information related to acts of self-harm.13 These included interactive maps to share public information about disaster relief,1 During Diet sessions, when questions were raised as to whether the Ministry of Defense and the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office were intercepting phone calls and e-mails, the government declined to answer.12. Specifically, the government will consolidate personal information among local government and central government servers, and will link personal data to individuals unique 12-digit numbers.9, During the drafting process, it became clear that the government's priority was to effectively manage internet users information rather than to protect personal data.10 A Change.org petition calling for Mori's resignation garnered more than 145,000 signatures in one week. Heightened awareness of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images and online harassment culminated in the adoption of a law criminalizing such activity in 2014. which attempts to crack the passwords of about 200 million internet-connected devices in homes and offices, starting with webcams, routers, and sensors, in order to better secure vulnerable devices with stronger passwords. The court stated that removal of information can be demanded only when privacy protection concerns clearly outweigh the publics interest in the disclosure of information online.12 In June 2018, police announced that they arrested 16 website operators for allegedly using a service called Coinhive to mine cryptocurrencies via visitors computers without their consent.4 Iwakami was sentenced to pay 330,000 ($2,992) in September 2019 after he retweeted a post from 2017 that suggested Hashimoto was responsible for the suicide of one of his subordinates.3, Several users have been arrested and charged under a 2011 law criminalizing the creation and use of computer viruses without a legitimate reason (see C2). In 2002, industry associations produced guidelines designed to protect ISPs from legal liability within the jurisdiction of the Japanese courts. Digital activism in Japan has been highly effective at both the local and the national level, and online mobilization tools are freely available. In May 2018, public broadcaster NHK and the Intercept reported on the activities of the Directorate for Signals Intelligence (DFS), a spy agency that monitors and analyzes electronic communications.15 One book is by Hokusai and the other is by Utamaro.8 An American scholar of Japanese descent 43 Some of those arrested were fined 100,000 ($906).5 Individuals who have criticized the ruling LDP and the government have also faced targeted harassment. While the government is relatively transparent in its censorship decisions, previous blocking and efforts to give authorities more censorship power have raised concerns. It can be done by various methods and for a range of justifications. (Feb. 22, 2021) On December 30, 2020, Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin signedFederal Law No. Internet freedom continued to improve in Japan during this reporting period. A number of laws regulate online activity, including by imposing civil and criminal liability. In May 2019, it was revealed that the national government and Fukushima Prefecture paid over 24 billion ($217 million) to an advertising agency to manage public relations, including in online outlets, after the disaster.6. See all data, scores & information on this country or territory. Japan's parliament enacted the proposed revised copyright law on Friday to expand the law to punish those who knowingly download illegally uploaded or pirated manga, magazines, and academic works . The future of an independent NHK is crucial given the increasing demand for impartial, objective and trusted sources of information. People can freely use the internet to mobilize, and netizens did so during the reporting period, notably to protest discrimination against women and LGBT+ communities. In one significant cyberattack against civil society organizations, at least 33 antinuclear citizens groups were targeted in 2013.5 Hana Kimura was subject to harassment, primarily because of her gender, after she appeared on the reality television show "Terrace House. In May 2020, Kimura committed suicide. Share Share. A week after the petition launched, it was revealed that Mori would resign as the head of the Olympic Organizing Committee.3, Women in Japan have also mobilized online through the #KuToo movement, which opposes a requirement that women wear high heels in the workplace. There are few obstacles to internet access, no blocks on websites, and the legal framework provides strong protections for various forms of expression. Messaging apps, such as WhatsApp and Viber, are often. In a survey by the Japan Medical Association, there were 700 incidents between October and December 2020 where medical staff treating COVID-19 patients were subject to online harassment.1 In June 2016, the Supreme Court dismissed a legal challenge to the police practice of monitoring places of worship and other venues used by members of the Muslim community. Implementation guidelines for the law described four main fields of state secretsdefense, diplomacy, counterintelligence, and counterterrorismwhich are further divided into 55 categories.2, Other laws prescribe potentially disproportionate penalties for online activity. Kisha clubs include reporters covering institutions such as government ministries or major corporations but are only open to traditional media companies.1 In a 2017 report, the United Nations (UNs) special rapporteur on freedom of expression noted that there were significant worrying signals regarding self-censorship among journalists on issues such as the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.1 However, the LDP ultimately decided not to submit a bill on LGBT+ equality due to strong opposition by some conservative lawmakers.8, In early 2019, users rallied behind a Tokyo Shimbun reporter who was targeted by the government. Between July and December 2020, Facebook restricted access to one piece of content in response to an order from Brazils Supreme Court related to pages that supported Brazilian President Bolsanaro.5 No citizens faced politically motivated arrest or prosecution for their online activity during the coverage period. Some private companies occasionally accept the governments requests to remove content. This law doesn't make any sense and it just have the opposite effect. Many experts have indicated their concern about ambiguous components of the law that could be abused. Media scrutiny of reportage involving the 2011 disaster has continued. Although that years guidelines from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) garnered criticism, they helped address concerns that the cost of switching providers favored dominant players and created a barrier for new market entrants.8 Are there legal, regulatory, or economic obstacles that restrict the diversity of service providers? Abe was . Explicit images of genitalia are forbidden in Japan . Some tabloid newspapers and online news outlets have reportedly harassed journalists who disagreed with the government more broadly.4, Women also continue to face targeted online harassment. Man arrested after using AI to 'destroy' censor mosaics in Japanese adult videos Oct. 25, 2021 06:00 am JST 0 Comment TOKYO Kyoto prefectural police officers have arrested a 43-year-old male resident of Takasago, Hyogo Prefecture. Washington, DC 20036, Scores are based on a scale of 0 (least free) to 100 (most free). Do online journalists, commentators, and ordinary users practice self-censorship? We're doing our best to get things working smoothly! A new law makes "online insults" punishable with jail time! This year, China's National Film Board tightened regulations on foreign films requiring that they now undergo a second round of reviews by the Chinese Communist Party. Update: February 8, 2022 A ccess Now and civil society organizations from across the globe are calling on the international community and technology companies to stand with the people of Myanmar and resist the coup both physical and digital. A law enacted in 2003 and revised in 2008 prohibits electronic communications encouraging sexual activity with minors.14 The number of interceptions has more than doubled from the previous year, partly due to the introduction of new procedures that allow the police to wiretap individuals without witnesses from telecommunication companies.11, The wiretap law was controversial when it passed, in part due to the authorities periodic abuse of surveillance powers.12 China. In 2016, the IHC began providing reports to Safe-line, a website maintained by the SIA.17 Asymmetric regulation, which creates stricter rules for providers with a higher market share, has helped diversify the industry.6, Beginning in 2014, the government required mobile service providers to unlock SIM cards at user request; this has made it easier for users to switch providers and use third-party prepaid SIM cards.7 The bill allows users to download image-based material or certain forms of academic content that is meant for private use.6 Customers in small cities, towns, and villages paid an average monthly price of nearly 3,024 ($29.04). In 2017, several municipalities asked for a clearer definition of hate speech under the law.7 A Myanmar citizen has filed a complaint at the Norwegian Data Protection Authority against Telenor Group under Article 77(1) of the European Union . In the United States, codified law can be found at all jurisdictional levels, and may control the outcome of a dispute. The National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGHM) announced that it was the target of about 5.3 million ransomware attacks in 2020, compared to 1.2 million incidents in 2019, though they reported that sensitive research and personal information was not compromised during these attacks.12. The amendments expanded the scope of personal data and eliminated restrictions on the laws extraterritorial applications. Reasons vary from keeping inappropriate material out of reach to trying to stop protests and other public demonstrations from being organized. Facebook has suppressed content posted by Palestinians and their supporters speaking out about human rights issues in Israel and Palestine. A 2012 legal revision targeting copyright violators applies to any internet users who download content they know has been illegally copied, as opposed to just those engaged in piracy for commercial gain.3 Score Change: The score improved from 5 to 6 because the government did not block any websites or platforms during the coverage period. the change was expected to allow tourists who were supposed to visit Japan during the 2020 Summer Olympics to more easily access mobile services.10. At the end of the coverage period, the government had not taken steps to restrict use of the platform. The article does not define what constitutes obscenity, leading to concerns that it could be invoked against artistic expression or used to curtail the rights of LGBT+ people.12. In February 2020, data communication was unavailable for a few hours for mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) Mineo customers.9 The society at large prefers harmony, and people avoid criticizing the role of Japans emperor, especially when connected with historical events like World War II. Internet censorship is the suppression of information online or access to the internet by a regulatory body. Facebook reported 66 government requests involving 82 accounts between July and December 2020. Besides benefiting Japanese consumers,9 Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan is to prevent the distribution and sale of of indecent material, and its current interpretation includes pornography. Japan's laws on censorship have become a more frequent topic of discussion among anime fans in the past few months. Taniwaki, who had been instrumental in the governments policies on mobile phone prices, was quickly transferred to another position.7, In March 2021, the Cabinet approved Shunichi Tokura, the former chairman of the Japan Music Rights Association (JASRAC), as Commissioner for Cultural Affairs. In 2017, the Japanese video website Niconico took down two videos posted from an internet protocol (IP) address in Osaka after municipal officials flagged them for violating a local ordinance regulating hate speech.3 In June 2020, the founder of news site Independent Web Journal, Yasumi Iwakami, had his appeal dismissed regarding a fine he was required to pay for allegedly defaming former Osaka prefectural governor, Toru Hashimoto. Sagamihara City is also planning to enact a criminal ordinance that would target hate speech against members of specific ethnic or racial groups in 2021.18 The origin of the term "censor" is traced to the office of censor created in ancient Rome, around 443 BC. While the censorship and oppression Imperial Japan committed against journalists and the Japanese left pales in comparison to its actions and cover-ups in countries such as China, Korea and the Philippines, it should nonetheless be publicized and confronted. The 2001 Provider Liability Limitation Act directed ISPs to establish a self-regulatory framework to govern takedown requests involving illegal or objectionable content, defamation, privacy violations, and copyright infringement.9 The book also examines the conflict between the obscenity law, introduced in Meiji times when Japan was importing Western models, and the freedom of speech law, which was put in place by the US occupation administration after World War II. In May 2020, MICs minister Takaichi Sanae, voiced her interest in amending the Provider Liability Limitation Law.3 An online petition that received 145,000 signatures called for the resignation of the chairman of the Tokyo Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, Yoshiro Mori, after he made sexist comments. The platform provided data in 42 percent of cases.17. Does the state block or filter, or compel service providers to block or filter, internet content, particularly material that is protected by international human rights standards? Osakas ordinance authorized the public identification of groups that disseminate hate speech, defined as communication which defames and aims to exclude a particular group based on race or ethnicity, including through online transmission, according to news reports.16 Due to Tokuras previous position and his lobbying efforts on behalf of JASRAC, his appointment sparked concerns about his ability to balance protecting the rights of artists and creators while also ensuring the freedom of individuals who use copyrighted works.8. Donald Trump's claim that his anti-BDS order "targets antisemitism" was presented as fact in the New York Times headline ( 12/10/19 . Access to the internet remains relatively equal across different segments of the population. Following her death, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications announced her intention to amend the Provider Liability Limitation Law (see C4).5 A coalition of groups, including the Japan Internet Providers Association and the Movement of Internet Active Users, an organization that advocates for users rights, lobbied against the mandate, and mobile users can now select voluntary filters.9, Right to be forgotten cases increased around the same time as a landmark 2014 decision on the topic by the Court of Justice of the European Union. In the future, says one pundit, that will change. They include televisions Broadcasting Ethics and Program Improvement Organization and the Internet Content Safety Association, which manages the blocking of child sexual abuse images online.2 Security agents and the military were accused of conducting illegal surveillance in cases involving national security in 2003 and 2004.13 Some self-regulatory bodies also manage content and other issues. 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